Thorndike and Skinner

Edward Thorndike:

1. Explain Thorndike's puzzle-box experiment.Put cat in a puzzle box – observe the cat’s behavior toward escaping to get the food.
2. Explain Thorndike's "Law of Effect".

Law of Effect:  Actions bring a consequence and that determines future behavior3. Explain Thorndike's "Law of Exercise".For the law of Exercise he stated that if a behavior is used it will continue and it will be reinforced, but if it is not used, their improvement or reinforcement will disappear.
B.F. Skinner:

1. Explain Skinner's concept of Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning:  reinforcement and punishment change our behavioral tendencies

2. What does reinforcement always do?Reinforcement: behavior increase

3. What does a punishment always do?Punishment: behavior to decrease

4. Explain the difference between "positive" and "negative" as they are used in operant conditioning.

Pos (+): something is given

Neg (-): Something is taken away

Watson

John B. Watson:
1. Explain (in detail) how Watson's "Little Albert" study was conducted.

Well this experiment was very unethical, such as steps were he was presented or interacting with many things such as rats monkeys, masks, hair, dogs, and with this animals and fearful creatures little albert was not acting with fear he did not like them but did not hate them, then they started doing loud noise so when he interacted with this animals he scared crying so his fear started to increase. (the experiment was never fully acomplished because little albert took off).
2. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Watson's study

Conditioned Stimilus (CS) which is the rat, Unconditioned Stimilus (US) which is the noise and the Conditioned Repsonse (CR) crying or fear
3. Explain at least two limitations of this study.

1This experiment could never be tested again

2He only used one baby and it was also unethical
4. Explain Watson's law of frequency.

He said in his law the frequent a response and stimilus act or ocure and associate each other, this will becomes as a custome or habit.
5. Explain Watson's law of recency.

This is the respones that ocuures after a particular stimulus            
6. Explain the basic assumptions of behaviorism according to Watson

That learning involves a change in behavior The behaivior is the act or result of how we act in life.

Pavlon

Ivan Pavlov:
1. What was Pavlov actually studying when he developed his theory of classical conditioning?

Pavlov was studying the digesting system of animals such as dogs mean while he discovered the theory of clasical conditioning.
2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.

Ivan experiment in the clasical conditioning was that he first did a suergery to a dog to his salivas prodecers, When they presented to him the bell nothing happen but when they presented the food then salivation started, after doing such experiment he combinde the bell with food so while the bell rang salivation started to the dog because it was a sign that food was coming. 3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.

(CS), the bell, (US), food, (CR), salivation.
4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.

In the case of clasical condition it ocurse when the conditioned responde vanish or disapere.
5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.

Well we can say that this is when a stimilus has a similar conditioned stimilus then the react is the conditional response.
6. Explain what sstimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.

It means to learn to responde to a stimilus and not responding to another stimilus
7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.

1 is that he adapted a tube to the dogs glands (we are not doctors)

2 this experiment is to difficult to do (we are not professionals)
8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.

He theorized that the ability for us to learn is called clasical conditioning, also he said that we learn by reapiting thing, the way you get better at it is by repeating things.

Starting High School One Hour Later May Reduce Teen Traffic Accidents

This study was made by Science and its studiers of limits and how to improve society when is talking about sleep for the teen traffic accidents. They made a study that by having a late start to school Teens were more awake and alert and for their instints they coukd work imedietly without suffering a traffic accident some of the result this experiment or study acomplish or put an end to a doubt was:  "As a result, adolescents get an inadequate amount of sleep due to early school start times, which increases their daytime sleepiness and may in turn increase their odds of crashing their vehicles while driving." I for my personal response and opinion think that a late start would be better because from all statistic percentage and from their rates of what can could happen leads that teens that are drivers but obtain the 9 hours sleep will have a less  probability of crashing.

Why Does Lack of Sleep Affect Us Differently

In October 26, 2010, print issue of Neurology® an information publish to clarify why the lack of sleep addect us, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology were the main persons involved in this study.

The study was supported by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute, the National Institutes of Health, the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and the National Center for Research Resources. This study was made in an laboraty to see how people with the gene of variant acted when they had a deprevation of sleep and how those who did not had the gene acted, also when they were in no deprevation of sleep people with variant sleped less in stage3 and people with no gene spend a longer period of time in stage 3. A result those with the variant spent an average of 29 minutes in stage three sleep, compared to 35 minutes for those without the variant. I believe this study was esential and was good because this way scientist can observe and how to help those people with the gene.

High School Students With A Delayed School Start Time Sleep Longer, Report Less Daytime Sleepiness

 Zaw W. Htwe, MD who worked at a hospital of sleep disorder he wanted teenager or student to have a longer bedtime sleep. The people in charge of this study is the Associated Professional Sleep Societies (APSS). This study or experiment was made in order to see how student improve in school time by increasing the amount of bedtime 40 minutes this camed to a conclusion that a student needs at least 8 to 9 hours of bedtime. This study maked the students have a great majority of time in bed instead of keeping awake longer by doing work. One very important results was that the, "Following a 40-minute delay in start time, the students utilized 83 percent of the extra time for sleep. This increase in sleep time came as a result of being able to 'sleep in' to 6:53 a.m., with little delay in their reported school night bedtime. I bealive this was a good article or study because it directly clear our minds how student will imporve their knowledge at school by having a great amount of time a sleep as said 9 hours of sleep.  

Am I a Teenager?

During these days of seeing a video in psychology class, called "Inside the teenage brain", in this video I learned something really important beside the function of growing children I learned how psychologists and doctor looks into teenage brains that can relate and explain to us what damage they have had during their life. I learned that when you’re growing you are getting puberty and you are getting into stressing and knew discoveries you did not know about. In the video we could see how teenagers do not even care of how they treat their own parents and by lying to them. This came to a lot of information into the video that usually kids unstressed they actions with their parents maybe because they did not have the normal period of sleep that is about 1 to 8 hours a day. I like the experiment that they made of testing from data to observe how would a student will function the next day if they get right amount of sleep; and as said it become a true statement because a kid that had a great amount of sleep did well in a test but in the other hand the other teen that did not get the great amount of sleep did crappy. It also gave us a clear understanding in what our brain can be damage such as watching TV, video games and among others. Leading to take care of our brain and do right for what is best for our body in an early age.